What are the six main groups of nutrients in an animal's diet?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
What is the role of carbohydrates in animal nutrition?
They are the primary source of energy for the body.
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars made up of one sugar unit, e.g., glucose and fructose.
What is the function of proteins in animals?
They build and repair body tissues and are key for enzyme and hormone production.
Name two sources of animal-based protein.
Fish and eggs.
What are essential amino acids?
Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.
What are lipids?
Molecules made of glycerol and fatty acids that serve as energy storage.
Name a function of fats in animals.
They provide thermal insulation and act as solvents for fat-soluble vitamins.
What is the importance of vitamin A in the diet?
It supports healthy skin, cell growth, and vision in dim light.
What deficiency disease is caused by a lack of vitamin C?
Scurvy.
What mineral is essential for the formation of hemoglobin?
Iron.
How does calcium benefit animals?
It strengthens bones and teeth and supports the nervous system.
What is the role of water in animal nutrition?
It regulates body temperature, transports nutrients, and facilitates metabolic processes.
What is dietary fiber?
Indigestible carbohydrates that aid in food movement through the alimentary canal.
Name one test for detecting proteins in food.
The Biuret test, where a violet color indicates the presence of protein.
What are enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed.
What is the role of lipases in digestion?
They break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
What is a balanced diet?
A diet containing the correct proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Name a disease caused by protein deficiency in children.
Kwashiorkor.
What is the function of sodium in the body?
It maintains osmotic pressure and is essential for nerve impulse transmission.
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